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The prevalence of urinary incontinence has rarely been studied in a community, rather in selected age groups or communities based on convenient samples. The reported prevalence of urinary incontinence among studies of selected age groups or communities varies widely,［1,2］ The variation is due to differences in definitions, target populations, study design, data collection, and study settings.［5］

From recent work by Bump［7］ and Carol et al,［8］ it is clear that racial differences exist in risk factors and in prevalence of subtypes of incontinence. However, the relationship of racial and ethnic difference and the occurrence of urinary incontinence in Asia have not been well understood. There have been few epidemiologic studies conducted on urinary incontinence in Asian women. Chan［9］ reported that 4.8% of elderly Singaporean women had urinary incontinence and that the prevalence was not significantly different among Chinese, Malay or Indian women. A community based study of 362 Chinese women in Hong Kong showed that 34% of the women had experienced at least one episode of urinary incontinence as adults, and 18.5% reported persistent incontinence.［10］ Chen et al［11］ reported 53.7% of the women in Taiwan sampled suffered from urinary incontinence and related symptoms. But there are few reports on prevalence of urinary incontinence in the mainland of China.

In April 2002, we conducted a large scale survey, which was the first of its kind in mainland China. The purposes of this study were (1) to evaluate the prevalence in Fuzhou, China of urinary incontinence in women; (2) to clarify the potential risk factors that predispose the occurrence of urinary incontinence and identify the risk factors of urinary incontinence in Chinese women; (3) to compare risk factors between stress urinary incontinence and urge incontinence.

METHODS

The study was a large survey in the city of Fuzhou, which is located in southern China. The study had approval of the ethics committees in Fuzhou and all participating women provided written informed consent. The female population aged 20 years or more, living in Fuzhou at the time of this study, was 200203. We randomly sampled 3.0% of these female residents by using information from a national census record. The distribution of ages in our cohorts was consistent with a report released in 2001 from Fuzhou Bureau of Population Census.